Another possibility is you may need to restart your phone. About once a month my phone will insist on me using the password for the App Store/ask for my backup PIN when auto-filling passwords. Restarting the phone fixes it. It’s like the device just sometimes randomly decides the Face ID function is compromised and a restart is the only way to get it unstuck from the belief.
As I see from one of your comments you already discovered this, but there are multiple codes to request that data. Some carriers only support one version, others support them all.
When your carrier doesn’t support the code, it will (depending on the carrier) return a very generic error message or the failed screen like the one in your screenshot.