I pinged every IP address that wasn’t reserved. The image is 8k by 8k and is re-encoded as an AVIF to be friendlier to mobile devices. Like every other survey done, it is using a Hilbert Curve to convert the linear address space to a contiguous 2d space. The hotter the colors (blue is coolest), the denser the ping responses were.

(If you are interested the full-resolution pyramidal-tiled TIFF can be downloaded and viewed in QuPath on desktop. I’ve also compressed the ping response data into its own format down to about 150 MB. PM me for a link)

Non-proxied image

Here is a 2006 survey to compare.

Some observations: Big Tech (USA) is in the top left. US government allocations, for the most part, did not respond to any pings. And maybe you didn’t realize this before, but Multicast (Class D) & Class E consume a whopping 12% of the IPv4 range.

  • poolcritter@pawb.social
    4·
    9 hours ago

    Essentially, IPv4 addresses[2] are just numbers from 1 to 2147483647, for example 3405804031. However, since address routing is often based on common binary prefix, more intuitive methods like 203.0.113.255 are used. This notation is just a length-4 list of integers from 0 to 255. To convert from an integer to a common IP address, you divide-with-remainder with a constant divisor of 256. For example, 3405804031 /% 256 = (13303921,256), 13303921 /% 256 = (51968,113), 51968 /% 256 = (203,0), and 203 /% 256 = (0,203).[1] Collecting all the remainders in reverse order, then joining them with periods, produces 203.0.113.255. (This notation is just for people to read; aside from parsing code, none of IPv4 uses this notation.) When you enter an IPv4 address, the opposite happens — an expression like ((203 * 256 + 0) * 256 + 113) * 256 + 255, which evaluates to 3405804031, is performed. These octets are just numbers — using 203.000.113.255 or 203.00.113.255 in place of 203.0.113.255 is merely a choice of how to write the address, as 203 * 256 + 0 = 203 * 256 + 000. mraow

    [1]: this operation can be omitted; I include it for symmetry. [2]: though all of this holds true for IPv6, I really didn’t feel like going through 128 bits of address