If nothing interacts with it, does it exist?
Not “unknown”. Not “unobserved”.
I mean: no interaction at all.
Because in experiments, nothing happens inside a system on its own.
Events only appear when something meets something else.
So maybe this is the real question:
Is existence something things have—
or something that only appears when things interact?
The question flips something interesting: usually we ask whether existence requires a subject to observe it. You’re asking whether it requires an object — something for the thing to interact with.
If interaction is the criterion, then existence becomes relational rather than intrinsic. That’s close to some process philosophy positions — Whitehead’s actual occasions only exist through their relations. It also raises a harder question: at what point does a potential interaction count? A particle might never be detected, but the probability amplitude is real — something is already happening.
Maybe existence isn’t binary, but a gradient of relational density.
That’s a really sharp way to frame it.
The idea that existence isn’t binary but a gradient actually reminds me of quantum computation — where something isn’t simply 0 or 1, but exists in a superposed state.
But if we follow that line, it seems like the question shifts again: what determines when that “gradient” stabilizes into something definite?
In my view, that stabilization isn’t arbitrary. It emerges where multiple subjectivities intersect and cohere.
So rather than existence being just relational in a diffuse sense, it might be that reality becomes determinate at specific points of alignment — where the observer itself is generated as part of that coherence.
The old question “if a tree falls in a forest, and there’s nobody to hear it, did it really fall or even exist?” The question was often asked in psychology tests, as it gives a hint how the tester is thinking. There are two answers: in a subjective universe, the tree didn’t exist, and it didn’t fall. Objectively spoken: it obviously fell and existed. There exist probably a number of options between these extremes. Now, if you propose an object that has never ever been observed and will NEVER EVER be observable, I would suggest the question as to its existence is irrelevant as it is unanswerable, and questions that are unanswerable are, for most scientists (and rational human beings), uninteresting.
I see what you mean. But what kind of state are you assuming when you say “observation”? Whose observation are we talking about?
If the way something “exists” depends on the observer, then the definition of existence itself might shift quite a bit.
Maybe.
It’s possible reality has entities that don’t interact with anything.
But we wouldn’t know about them, because to be able to know them we’d have to interact with them.
They’d be an unknowable unknown.
I wouldn’t worry too much about unknowable unknowns.
For all we know, they might as well not exist.
I get what you’re saying. It’s true that interaction is necessary in order for us to know something.
But that might be a condition on the side of knowing, not necessarily a condition for something to exist.
For example, if we only call things “existent” when we can see or touch them, then aren’t we just cutting out the part of the world we happen to be able to engage with?
From that perspective, something that doesn’t interact with us isn’t “nonexistent”— it might simply not be appearing on our side.
And if that’s the case, then… what exactly is it that doesn’t exist— that thing, or us?
If the thing you are claiming exists does not interact with anything else in any way, how are you proving that thing exists in the first place? It’s basically a circular argument. You make a claim that something exists yet then state that it is impossible to prove that the thing exists. It’s just one big circle of “trust me, bro”. The question isn’t “does it exist?” the question is properly, “how do you know it exists in the first place?” You need to prove that the unicorns exist before expecting people to accept that they exist. Their existence is not a given.
What if, regardless of whether something interacts or not, there is still an observer of it?
In that case, the question is no longer “does it interact?”, but “what makes it observable in the first place?”
I actually came across a paper that presents experimental evidence for the existence of such an observer.
If you’re interested, here it is: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393397861_Experimental_Evidence_of_Nonlocal_EEG-Quantum_State_Correlations_A_Novel_Empirical_Approach_to_the_Hard_Problem_of_Consciousness
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