Being from the sub-continent, low-level and bureaucratic corruption is a big pervasive problem. Corruption in general. From the lower office peons to the highest officers the rot runs deep. Bribing to even get basic paperwork done is common. How do countries like China and others in the “First World” handle it?
Is it a culture thing? or something else?
While hyperspecialisation definitely applies in STEM subjects, I’m not sure it applies in a big way to higher-level politicians and civil servant positions, which are largely just project management and high-level planning.